What impact did Europeans think they were having on Africa itself, including African states and rulers?

At the time of beginning the conquest of Africa in the late-1800s, the European powers considered that they were "civilizing" the African continent, by imposing its culture and its political, religious, social and moral values over those of the African nations, to which they considered behind in such aspects.

Thus, they dedicated themselves to restructuring the borders and political organizations of the African nations, modifying the conditions in which they developed and implying a cultural clash with them.

increases in demand are shown by a shift to the right in the demand curve. this could be caused by a number of factors, including a rise in income, a rise in the price of a substitute or a fall in the price of a complement.

which the answer is:

b