What Ingredients were only available in Europe prior to the Colombian exchange?

Explanation:

Some of the plants rejected upon their arrival in Europe were the tomato, potato, ... the famous "curse of the nightshades" before being accepted in European diets. ... The variety of available food products increased considerably, and the new. Bananas, Barley, and Cows, for example, were introduced to the Americas by Europeans. The cultivated tomato originated in Central America and was a late addition to the food ... Although cultivated in Continental Europe since the 1540s... Plants and animals were not the only biological matter transferred between continents. Although refined sugar was available in the Old World, Europe's harsher ... Tobacco was unknown in Europe before 1492, and it carried a negative stigma at first.

radioactive dating, also known as  radioisotope dating  is a process that in  estimating the approximate  age  of  rocks. these data can be analyzed from  the studies dealing with the  decay of the radioactive elements that are present in these rocks. in nature, there are a few types of materials or atoms which are quite unstable and they spontaneously decay or breakdown to form other kinds of atoms.

the answer for 3 is b and the answer for 4 is d