Lol any of these relatable?

Ahistorian studying urban history in chicago in in the early 1900's. she is studying the population changes and the activities that people did in their everyday lives. based on the description which school of thought does the historian likely belong to

What will not cause political parties to change or develop

Which of these played the biggest role in increased urbanization in the late 1800s? a) transportation improved b) the military was stronger c) no one was farming anymore d) steam power was discovered