Mussolini seized the throne of Italy making himself the Prime Minister by means of a coup d'état, Hilter also attempted a coup nomas. Beer Hall Putsch
Bavarian Fall
Putsches Day

first option i assume

explanation:

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.

cur

explanation:

cancer