What problems did medieval towns face? how did medieval europeans attempt to deal with those problems? how did an independent judiciary and common law in england to protect individual rights?

One of the main problems medieval towns faced was a failing hygienic system which caused a lot of outbursts which happened and were recorded during the historical scriptures. We are well aware that outbursts of cholera together with the bubonic plague happened, mostly because the hygienic standards were so low. Medieval Europeans changed and tried adopting new methods of keeping the hygiene standards at a higher levels.