"The original Ottoman state had been military, indeed, but far from an absolute monarchy of any kind. But the character of the military base of the state had been transformed and absolutism gradually was imposed
on the ghazi warriors' descendants. When the Ottoman military activities had come to be channeled in
major campaigns, whose distance required great central organization, the former more or less irregular ghazi
troops had tended gradually to recede into the general herding and peasant population, while their leaders
became prosperous landlords, holding systematic military land grants. With their changed social position.
their attitudes changed; well established themselves, they were less ready to look for a heroic chief, more
ready to accept an established monarch. At the same time, their power was diluted."
Source: Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, 3 vcs. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago
Press. 1974), vol. 3, pp. 99-101.
a. Identify and explain ONE change in the political development of the Ottoman Empire from the text.
b. Identify and explain ONE continuity in the political development of the Ottoman Empire from the text.
c. Identify and explain ONE way the developments in the Ottoman Empire are similar to developments in
another land-based empire.