Why were the Chinese so discriminated against as immigrants?

Had different facial features (They don't look like "us")

Weere generally smaller than Europeans (They must be less robust than us)

Dressed differently (They don't wear proper clothes)

Ate different foods prepared in strange ways (They don't make normal food")

Generally lived in communities apart from European based people (They're stand-offish)

Were not Christians (Filthy heathens!)

Spoke a language that Eurpeans could not understand (What art thy saying about us?)

Had a work ethic that let them work hard for lower pay (We'd never work that hard for so little, will they take our jobs?)

Had a social interaction that Europeans found deferential (weaker)

A close examination of these factors indicates no real problem except being "different". For people inclined to discriminate agains others, this is enough.

Explanation:

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.