There is "right" Action: that which . . . Is wrought without attachment, passionlessly,
For duty, not for love, nor hate, nor gain.
There is "vain" Action: that which men pursue
Aching to satisfy desires, impelled
By sense of self, with all-absorbing stress:
This is . . . passionate and vain.
There is "dark" Action: when one doth a thing
Heedless of issues, heedless of the hurt
Or wrong for others, heedless if he harm
His own soul—'tis . . . bad!

–Bhagavad Gita

How does this passage present information about action?

by listing effects
by explaining causes
by describing physical space
by comparing and contrasting