Do you have any other historical points to add to the evolution of "race"? How has race been used in both positive and negative contexts throughout history?

A positive kind of racism for certain races entails negative racism toward others; racial pride and kinship become pernicious. Students analyze the socially constructed meaning of race and examine how it has been used to justify exclusion, inequality, and violence throughout history. Race is a human-invented, shorthand term used to describe and categorize people into various social groups based on characteristics like skin color and physical features. Some studies have found that racial/ethnic minorities are sentenced more harshly.

Explanation:

If you're racist then just leave the country. We are all free people and can have an opinion, but we don't need to kill or treat others differently because  they have different colored skin than yourself.

mesopotamian code of hammurabi

and i think its 1860 b.c. you mean lol

representative government