Explain the causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effects on the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Exchange of plant and animal species, but also certain negative phenomena.

Explanation:

With Europeans' arrival on the soil of North America, there was an exchange of certain plant and animal cultures. However, that contact also had negative connotations. Europeans also brought certain infectious diseases such as the flu and smallpox to which the natives did not have a developed immune system. These diseases have decimated, in some cases, the entire tribal communities of North America.

When we talk about exchanges of plant and animal species, Europeans took over potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, corn, and some other crops from the natives. On the other hand, the natives got acquainted with wheat, onions, and pigs, and horses.

d) all choices are correct