Sugar plantations were the backbone of the economy. Sugar was also the main Hawaiian export to the United States. For many years, Hawaiian sugar was sold tariff-free in the United States. In 1890, the US Congress passed the

, which removed tariffs on all foreign sugar imports. This change meant that Hawaiian sugar producers had to compete with other nations in the US market.

“[the city’s engineers excelled in areas] neglected by the greeks, such as the construction of roads and aqueducts, and of sewers that could wash the filth of the city into the tiber. they have built paved roads throughout the country, leveling ridges and filling up hollows, so as to make possible the movements of heavily loaded wagons. . and such is the quantity of water brought in by the aqueducts, that veritable rivers flow through the city and its sewers: almost every house has cisterns, waterpipes, and copious fountains.” —strabo, as quoted in empires ascendant: time frame 400 b. c.–a. d. 200 cisterns are tanks that hold water until it is needed; if a house has a cistern, it is likely to also have a. aqueducts. c. a swimming pool. b. a fish pond. d. sinks and faucets.