234 ... We must also acknowledge that durable peace and post-conflict development depend on environmental
protection and good governance of natural resources. There can be no peace if the resource base that people
depend on for sustenance and income is damaged or destroyed or if illegal exploitation finances or causes
conflict.
Since 1990, at least 18 violent conflicts have been fuelled by the exploitation of natural resources such as
timber, minerals, oil and gas. Sometimes this is caused by environmental damage and the marginalization
[making powerless) of local populations who fail to benefit economically from natural resource exploitation.
More often it is caused by greed. ...
To date, six United Nations peacekeeping missions have been mandated to support the host country's ability
to re-establish control over its resource base and stop illicit [unlawful] extraction by armed groups.
However, we need a greater international focus on the role of natural resource management in conflict
prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding..
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