Spain and France desired a colonial victory in the American Revolution because they sought access to the Continental navy.
wanted the American colonies for themselves.
wanted each other out of the Americas.
saw Britain as a rival to be weakened.

Which of these is not a criticism of the concentric zone model? it does not accurately describe cities after the rise of suburban development. it only applies to cities that grew after the development of the automobile. it assumes that inner-city areas will always be repurposed instead of abandoned. it places too much importance on the traditional central business district.