During the Golden Age, Al-Khwarizmi was known for inventing calligraphy.
algebra.
mosaics.
arabesques.

no statements but ok.

the statement that best describes the idea of manifest destiny that was used in the 19th century would be that "it was fate that the united states would continue to  expand westward," since people thought the us was "destined" to do so. 

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

the puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the church of england the common unity strengthened the community.

profound political, administrative, and social changes in the british isles.