What were the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?

Knight of Labor

Most broad union, included skilled and unskilled workers, women, minorities, and immigrants.

American Federation of Labor

Founded by Samuel Gompers, admitted only skilled laborers, each field with their own union, focused on bread and butter issues like higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions, and favored collective bargaining.

Explanation:

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts