John Adams, second U. S. president and no fan of Paine's, nonetheless acknowledged his crucial influence: "Without the pen of Paine the sword of Washington would have been wielded in vain ." Use information from Paine's essay , as well as facts from his biography on page 244, to support Adams's assessment .

A. identify the constitutional clause that is common to both mccutcheon v. federal election commission (2014) and citizens united v. federal election commission (2010). based on the constitutional clause identified in part a, explain why the facts of citizens united v. federal election commission (2010) led to a similar holding to the holding in mccutcheon v. federal election commission (2014). describe an action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in mccutcheon v. federal election commission could take to limit its impact.