Why, according to Congressman Boyer, should African Americans be denied the right to vote?

That according Congressman Boyer, Negroes are "by nature lower in mental grade" and hence "not the equivalents of White Americans," and are thus not eligible to vote.

As a result, they should not be permitted to participate in or be engaged in the country's governance.

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According to Congressman Boyer, Africans as a race are "by nature inferior in mental caliber . . . are not the equals of White Americans" and thus, not entitled to the voting rights.

Explanation:

In 1866, Radical Republicans proposed a bill that will allow more black Americans to be able to participate in voting rights. But Congressman Benjamin M. Boyer had a different opinions.

According to him, Africans are a race that is "by nature inferior in mental caliber" to that of the White Americans and thus, not equal or at par with them. This is why they shouldn't be allowed to participate or be involved in the government of the country.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

sorry i tried to but i didn’t get it