This passage is reflecting of a colonial law that is based on the economic theory of A. Capitalism

B. Colonialism

C. Communism

D. Mercantilism

D. Mercantilism

Explanation:

This passage is reflecting of a colonial law that is based on the economic theory of "Mercantilism".

Mercantilism is known to be an economic theory that supports and advocates that government regulation of international trade should generate wealth. It also advocates that such should also strengthen national power. It advocates for trade policies that are created to protect the local industries.

From the excerpt, it's clear that the Act supported that whatever that is imported or exported should be with the English vessel. Mercantilism relied upon shipping and the control of the waterways was usually of national interest. This economic theory establishes monopolies and imposes tariffs on imports.

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b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.