What was hayes's position on civil service reform? what did he do to promote it?

Arthur take on civil service reform, and what did he do to support it? Supported reform, urged Congress to pass a civil service law (Pendleton Act). What did the Pendleton Act do? Realized a bipartisan Civil Service commission to make appointments based on their merit system.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts