Sharing of powers between local/sate/and nations governments
what priciple is this

they thoght they were going to nuke each other

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

food chain i would say only because there is competition on getting food and survival

c. extended rights of citizenship to new groups