In the period from 1200 to 1450 CE, trans-Saharan trade networks influenced state formation in West Africa,
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the process of West African state formation was influenced by trans-Saharan
trade. In your response you should do the following:
• Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning.
• Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt.
• Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence.
• Use historical reasoning (e. g., comparison, causation, continuity or change) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the
prompt.
• Use evidence to corroborate, quality, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt.

    In the period from 1200 to 1450 CE, the trade network influenced state formation in West Africa by supporting the development of large states in the area. Opportunities for taxes and the control of imports and exports generated wealth and resources needed to support the development of a sophisticated government. Additionally, these networks encouraged the development of urban centers, increasing the power of the states in the region.

    As the trans-Saharan trade network developed, empires in the region repeatedly taxed and controlled trade. For example, historical record shows that the mansas of Mali controlled trade of goods such as metals and horses, since they were critical in establishing effective and strong military forces. They also taxed the trade of key goods including salt and copper. In a similar fashion, other empires in the area enforced heavy taxes on merchants, using the funds to support the state. Control over gold trade by Ghana’s leaders allowed for the collected funds to establish and maintain a large, administrative bureaucracy.

    The effects of the development of trans-Saharan trade networks on West African states can be better comprehended by considering earlier developments of cities and states in the region. Due to the difficulty encountered in raising livestock and crop growth in the Sahara, West Africa’s economy fell behind that of North Africa until trade grew. Similarly, while a sophisticated civilization developed in the Niger Valley after 300 BCE, growing trade cities at that time had not joined to form a larger empire. The ongoing development of the trans-Saharan trade, however, provided West Africa the resources needed to change.

the correct answer is d

a conference committee is a group of congress representatives appointed by the senate and the house to reach an agreement over a bill that had different versions in each chamber. this is due to the fact that, to pass a law. both the house and the senate must agree on the exact same content and wording of the bill to present it to the president.

option b, all states follow similar rules and legal process is the right answer.

the 14th amendment in the constitution of america was enacted in july 1868, which include the citizenship, due process, and the equal protection under the law. this amendment was a response to the issues related to former slaves following the american civil war.

the citizenship clause granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the u.s,.   due process of clause asserted that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law and the equal protection clause declared that a state may not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. the above mentioned excerpt from the constitution of the united states, ensures the citizenship,due process, and equal protection under the law.