How did the Loyalists view the Declaration of Independence?

Explanation:

The Loyalists wanted to pursue peaceful forms of protest because they believed that violence would give rise to mob rule or tyranny. ... and They also believed that independence would mean the loss of economic benefits derived from membership in the British mercantile system.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".