1. which of the following challenges emerged as a result of the collapse of the Western Roman empire A. The Christian church became less influential across Europe.
B. There was a lack of central protection for western European lands.
C. Cultural achievements like art and architecture began to thrive in the region.
D. Trade between western European civilization and the rest of the world increased.

The major impact third parties have on presidential elections has been to.. a. encourage larger vote turnout b. recruiter leader from the democratic and republican party to run for president c. generate increased party identification among the electorate d. developing issues that are later adopted by the major political parties e. drawn off of votes from the major parties to throw election into the house representatives