how do the principles embodied in the united states constitution protect individual liberty while also promoting order and safety?

The United States constitution gives some specific powers to the government, in oder to promote order and safety, while also keeping the government from overreaching, in order to protect individual liberty.

For example, the U.S. constitution gives the judicial branch of the United States the power to incarcerate and judge criminals, but the same constitution provides a series of legal guarantees to the defendants, so that no arbitrary judgements are levied. This with the goal of protecting the individual liberty and rights of everyone, even of those who are suspected of having committed a crime.

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.