How did monarchs in the 1400s and 1500s seek to create more centralized states?

the monroe doctrine is the best known u.s. policy toward the western hemisphere. buried in a routine annual message delivered to congress by president james monroe in december 1823, the doctrine warns european nations that the united states would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

i think you may have asked this twice, but i answered one of the

the correct answwer is d

b

being given a fair trial before a jury