The assassination of President Garfield in 1881 changed government policy because it helped to lead to --
the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
to stricter protection of the president and creation of the Secret Service.
an end of the spoils system and the creation of civil service reform.
the passage of the Dawes Act.

an end of the spoils system and the creation of civil service reform.

Explanation:

President James A. Garfield was assassinated on 19 September 1881 by a dissatisfied job seeker and this assassination was instrumental in Congress passing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act on 16th January 1883.

This Act states that the government should hire workers based on merit and the selections should be made based on merit. It also prohibited workers to be sacked or demoted because of political reasons.

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation:

both are true, the congress does have the power to create banks, even if this power is not specifically described in the constitution, since there is nothing restricting it and there is power given to the congress to make "all laws which shall be necessary and proper". maryland was not allowed to tax a branch of the national bank operating there, and the supreme court decided that no state could. both of these topics were discussed in a decision of the mcculloch v. maryland case in 1819.