What is a Poll tax, Literacy test, and Grandfather Clause? (Please answer as soon as possible)

Poll tax - a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources.

Literacy test - a test that assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write.

Grandfather clause - a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

c.) biotic: snails; abiotic: temperature climate