how do the actions of individuals , groups or institutions affect society through intended and unintended consequences

The actions of individuals, groups and institutions affect society directly, through both intended and unintended consequences.

This is so because it is understood that, within a society, all its members are related to each other through human relationships of various kinds, such as family, work, friendship or even everyday relationships. This implies that, necessarily, the actions of a member of the company have a direct impact on another or other members of it. For example, the fact that a couple decides to move to live together in an apartment would imply that one of the parties would abandon their home, leaving that place available for a new tenant. Thus, the intended consequence of such action would be the gradual formation of a family among the members of the couple, while an unintended consequence could be the increase in the supply of rental housing.

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate

hello, your actual correct answer is c. taxes.

factories are actually the second biggest but on your optian list its taxes.