All of the following contributed to colonists' call for independence from Britain EXCEPT: a The Boston Massacre b lack of representation in the British Parliament c enforcing taxes to pay for British war debts d protecting rights for voters

d protecting rights for voters

Explanation:

Not many people had the right to vote in the American colonies, so the protection of rights for voters was not a leading cause of the American Revolution.

The other three statements do refer to specific causes of the revolution: higher taxes, lack of political rights, and violent events such as the Boston Massacre made people furious, and resulted in the unfolding of the events that would give way to the independence of the colonies.

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explanation:

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.