What "bridges” the gap between setting and achieving an academic goal?

Which of the following best states am argument of french philosopher jean-jacques rousseau

Briefs filed by groups that care about how a case turns out?

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.