What can historians learn from writing from American civilizations before Spanish contact about American civilizations pre-1600?

the national congress's powers over the states were specific and definite: it had the sole power to negotiate treaties, declare war, and make peace. all powers not granted to congress were reserved for state governments. congress had no power to levy taxes, for example.

question as stated in comment

why did the chinese require the portuguese to pay for goods in gold and silver when trading?

choices

portuguese goods were less valuable than chinese goods.

the chinese already had a surplus of portuguese goods.

the imperial government wanted to stockpile gold and silver.

portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

this a history q n in ancient time, theres no money exchange. so ans is portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

there is not all the infomation needed to answer this question.   we need the who was going, or we need to know what islands you are talking about.

what speech are you referring to? ?