In a speech to the British people near the beginning of World War II, Churchill said the following: Let us brace ourselves to our duties and so bear ourselves that if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, "This was their finest hour." —Winston Churchill What was Churchill hoping to encourage with this speech?

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. it may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. it includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. a holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). a hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. so probably family history.

Though typically, that which is called the  great schism  refers to the east-west  schism. it was the greatest  effect  of the east-west  schism  was the creation of two separate churches that had previously been mixed under one church, the eastern orthodox church and the roman catholic church.