13 By 1921 the Bolsheviks had consolidated their power. (a) In what ways did the Petrograd Soviet undermine the Provisional
Government? [4]
(b) Why was it necessary to introduce the New Economic Policy (NEP) in
1921? [6]
(c) 'The Bolsheviks won the Civil War because of the Red Army.' How far
do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

The princes of europe believed that they were no longer obligated to remain under the authority of the church. the idea of another christian church, one outside of the pope's authority, had financial appeal as well. many european leaders began to seize church property and place it under the authority of the state. based on the text, why did another christian church appeal to european princes? it would allow them to make religious decisions. it would give them authority over people. it would allow them to expand their lands. it would allow them to influence the pope.

How was the method of making pottery by using coils of clay better than simply shaping the clay by hand? it prevented pottery from cracking when fired. it created a watertight seal. it produced more attractive pottery. the pottery could be cut or stamped with designs.

What governments allow the use of the initiative, the referendum, and the recall? a. all state governments and the federal government b. some state governments and the federal government c. some state governments d. all state governments