"The coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes
there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the
chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the
foundations for asthma and miners' consumption.
John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of the Children, 1906
This passage is describing a situation that was attacked by writers known as
Populists.
Muckrakers.
the Lost Generation
the Beat Generation

Woah, hard times man.

Explanation:

Wasn't isn't then. Thank God for Mr. Spargo to write it down.

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.