Why did a group known as theologians arise during the roman empire rather than the roman republic?

During the invasion of the soviet union, the einsatzgruppen did which of the following? killed large numbers of jews, as well as many locals. led military troops. eliminated local administration in lithuania. took over many administrative functions in the war effort. planned and organized extermination camps.

Which of the islamic empires (ottomans, mughals, safavids) were the most influential and why?

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?