PARAGRAPH 2: Umar, the second Caliph, is also highly regarded for his military leadership and
love of justice. In ten years as Caliph, Umar doubled the size of the Caliphate by defeating the
Persians and pushing the Byzantines back to Asia Minor, taking control of the holy city of
Jerusalem. Because its territory was so large, Umar strengthened the government of the
Caliphate, adding agencies and officials to better manage the empire. Umar began the policy of
allowing non-Muslims to keep their faith and traditions, but only with a tax and declaration of
loyalty. Umar's rule unfortunately ended with his assassination by a Persian slave during morning

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2) MAIN IDEA:
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