Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades?
A. Venice increased its power.
B. Much ancient knowledge was lost forever.
C. Trade decreased throughout Europe.
D. Popes lost much of their power.

Although the crusades failed to capture Jerusalem, they had several major impacts on Western Europe. They increased the authority of the king. Sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. Kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

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