Which of the following was not a primary concern of charlemagne?
a) establishing a central government to rule his territory
b) building a standing army
c) conquering norse-held lands of sweden and denmark
d) strengthening the christian faith across europe

The correct answer is C) conquering Norse-held lands of Sweden and Denmark.

Charlemagne, during his reign, never prioritized and thus never had a special interest in conquering Norse-held lands of Sweden and Denmark. There were few reasons for this:
- Charlemagne was very concerned and focused on strengthening the Christianity.
- Militaristically he was predominantly focused on the upcoming strong Islamic Empire as well as the territories east of his Empire.
- He knew that going into war with the Norse will do him nothing good and that he will have big losses even if he wins thus weakening his army that he needed so much for territories that were not really worthy of it.

Out of the choices given, the one that was not a primary concern of Charlemagne was conquering Norse held lands of Sweden and Denmark. Charlemagne would help unite Europe during the times of the Middle Ages. The correct answer is C. 

The second , larger puritan colony of massachusetts bay was conceived as a "city upon a hill". but it also struggled with internal turmoil like the salem witch trials and external conflicts like king philip's (metacom's) war.