19. The banner bears the words E PLURIBUS UNUM, which means "From many, one." Briefly explain why these words are included on the Great Seal.

Explanation:

The Great Seal of the United States is a symbol of it independent and self government used to mark thegovernment approval of document such as proclamations, warrants, treaties, and commissions of high officials.

E pluribus unum is a traditional motto of the United States which means "out of many, one" in Latin,was first used on U.S. coinage in 1795, which was included in the Great seal to indicate unity among the various colonies,states that formed the United States of America which signify all of the people and states are one union.

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

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