Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(09.02 MC)

Question refers to the excerpt below.

"We pursued another of our major objectives: that of seeking means to lessen tensions with the Soviets and ways to prevent war and keep the peace. Now, this policy is now paying dividends—one sign of this in Iceland was the progress on the issue of arms control. For the first time in a long while, Soviet-American negotiations in the area of arms reductions are moving, and moving in the right direction—not just toward arms control, but toward arms reduction. … So, if there's one impression I carry away with me from these October talks, it is that, unlike the past, we're dealing now from a position of strength. And for that reason, we have it within our grasp to move speedily with the Soviets toward even more breakthroughs. … So, there's reason, good reason for hope. I saw evidence of this is in the progress we made in the talks with Mr. Gorbachev."—Ronald Reagan, from his "Address to the Nation on the Meetings with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev in Iceland," October 13, 1986

How does this excerpt reflect a change in tone from the early years of Reagan's administration?

He had increased defense spending and rejected détente.
He had made comments attacking the Soviet ability to negotiate.
He had advocated a return to isolationism as the best defense.
He had suggested that fighting communism was now a wasted effort.
Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(08.06 MC)

Question refers to the image below.

Photograph shows Richard Nixon on the steps of the presidential helicopter holding up both of his arms with his fingers in a, V, pose.
© akg-images / Universal Images Group / Image Quest 2015
Former President Nixon leaves the White House following his resignation, 1974

How did this incident and the events leading up to it affect the American public?

Americans were shocked and saddened by the way Nixon had been treated by the media.
Americans were largely unaffected by the events, as they occurred mostly within the government.
Americans feared retaliation from the foreign governments the president had worked against.
Americans became disillusioned and lost faith in the credibility of the federal government.
Question 23(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(09.01 MC)

Question refers to the excerpt below.

"If protected conduct is made criminal and the law which does so remains unexamined for its substantive validity, its stigma might remain even if it were not enforceable as drawn for equal protection reasons. When homosexual conduct is made criminal by the law of the State, that declaration in and of itself is an invitation to subject homosexual persons to discrimination both in the public and in the private spheres. … The Texas statute furthers no legitimate state interest which can justify its intrusion into the personal and private life of the individual. … They (the writers of the Constitution and its amendments) knew times can blind us to certain truths and later generations can see that laws once thought necessary and proper in fact serve only to oppress. As the Constitution endures, persons in every generation can invoke its principles in their own search for greater freedom."—Justice Anthony Kennedy, from the Opinion of the Court in Lawrence v. Texas, 2003

Which of the following does the decision in Lawrence v. Texas represent?

The curtailing of conservative views of the 1970s and 1980s
A greater number of liberal justices on the Supreme Court
A trend toward increasing the power of the federal government
The widespread acceptance of homosexuality in the United States
Question 24(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(05.01 LC)

In the late 1800s, business leaders eliminated competition by

consolidating companies
integrating new technology
setting a minimum wage
creating overseas markets
Question 25(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Question refers to the image below.

Cartoon illustration has the title, Health Coverage. It shows two beds, each with an occupant who appears stressed and sweating. In the first, the person is crushed by a pile of papers labeled, Multi-billion dollar paperwork costs. The footboard of the bed has a line graph labeled, U. S. Healthcare System, with a line that extends upward beyond the edges of the graph. In the second bed, the person is uncovered and shivering. The footboard of this bed has text that reads, Over 33 million Americans not insured.
Library of Congress [LC-USZ62-126890]
"Health coverage," by Herb Block, published in the Washington Post, May 3, 1991

Why was large-scale health care reform not implemented in the 1990s?

Conservatism still retained a strong majority in political leadership at all government levels.
It was quickly forgotten by the American public as international conflicts were breaking out.
Free trade agreements and the challenges of illegal migration were considered higher priority.
Many Americans opposed the expansion of the federal government it would have required.