Governments were patrons to scientists and mathematicians through their establishment of groups like:

Andean mountains amazon basinatacama desert brazilian highlands

The embargo act of 1807  was a law passed by the united state congress and signed by president thomas jefferson on december 22,  1807. it prohibited american ships from trading in all foreign ports. in 1806, france passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, like the u.s., and britain.

It was a combination of conquests and alliances