All of the following demoralized Southemers at the end of the Civil War EXCEPT:
a. a serious lack of supplies
b. the continued fighting of General Kirby Smith's Western Army
c. General Robert E. Lee's surrender
d. General Sherman's destructive advances through the South

The correct answer is letter B

The North of the USA was built around clearly enlightened principles, based on the ideals of freedom, work and small private property. It was from the North that the initiative for the development of industry in America started, but, for that, customs measures were taken that restricted the purchase of products from other regions of the world. These measures irritated the southerners, who needed to buy various products for their subsistence, which was eminently agrarian.

In the South, as said, the agrarian and landowning structure was predominant. While in the North the valorization of free and wage labor was encouraged, in the South, slave labor was the main form of production in the fields. The northerners, also known as the Yankees, defended the abolition of slavery and the diversification of agriculture - something that did not exist in the South, which cultivated the modality of plantation, that is, of monoculture in large tracts of land.

In the face of political restrictions in the North, Southern leaders met in Montgomery and decided to create the Confederate States of America, as opposed to the Northern States. The North, which represented national unity and was governed by Abraham Lincoln, did not accept the southern proposal and the war between the two regions of the country broke out in 1861.

One of the strategies taken by northerners to erode the South was economic destabilization. In the year 1862, the Homestead Law was approved, the Land Law, which stimulated the March to the West. This caused the nation's growth prospects to be dissipated from the polarity between South and North and to cover the West side of the country, in the small property model proposed by the North.

This measure caused the slave model defended by the South to lose strength. Allied to this, the military might of the North was more sophisticated and efficient than that of the South, which meant that the war ended in 1865, with the surrender of the southerners.

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porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.