How did becoming king in England and France differ from how it was done in the holy Roman empire

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

attacks by the seljuk. a devastating blow to the entire byzantine world was dealt by christian crusaders from the west. the venetians were eager to destroy byzantine power and offered the crusaders money, ships, and part of the spoils of war.

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the ansseer is going to be c i think