Consider this situation: In an ancient kingdom, the people were tired of being treated badly by their king. The people of each village got together and chose chiefs to bring their complaints to the king.
What kind of government did the villagers demonstrate by their actions?

the iconic cartoon that you are talking about is probably a man standing on top of a country with his legs spread wide. 

this cartoon suggests that europeans are powerful enough to subdue an entire continent. this was a satirical image that was drawn during the time of the colonization of the british empire in africa.

this image was inspired by the plans of the british empire to create telegraph lines all over africa promoting the further spread of its colonies through faster communication. the picture depicts the colonial mentality of the british empire in general as well as the struggle of africans to claim their own land. hope this ! (:

to tell the truth it is a mix of the a and d because after the romans argued among themselves outside forces took control however it is mostly d.