“To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers...” ~U. S. constitution
How has this clause been used in the federal government?

the virginia plan called for three branches of government and two houses of congress. representation in each house would be determined by population. the new jersey plan called for three branches of government and a single house of congress. each state would have an equal vote.

the fourteeth amendment does not extend all bill of rights protection to the us -apex ur welcome