The Russian novelist and dissident who was exiled for writing about oppression in
the Soviet Union was

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Explanation:

Alexander Solzhenitsyn was an intellectual-dissident, writer-publicist and historian, with valuable life experience as a village teacher. He suffered repression, was celebrated and expelled from the USSR to the West. In the West celebrated and criticized, then again at home criticized, celebrated and rewarded. Regardless of the "tooth of time" and various opinions about the life and work of Solzhenitsyn, it is irrefutable that after the publication of his first works and the knowledge of the Stalinist camps, the USSR could no longer be lived as before, and communism had exposed the character of inhuman totalitarianism.