Jim Crow laws:.
1. A set of racist and discriminatory rules and regulations, were enacted starting in the mid- to late 1800s.
2. In the South, starting in the early 1800s.
3. In the North, starting in the early 1800s. starting after the Plessy
4. Ferguson ruling

Th answer is umber 1. starting in the mid- to late 1800s.

Explanation:

montesquieu took the view that the roman republic had powers separated so that no one could usurp complete power. in the british constitutional system, montesquieu discerned a separation of powers among the monarch, parliament, and the courts of law.