After World War II, an earlier trend toward newspaper consolidation continued, and by 1970 newspaper accounted for the majority of newspaper circulation.

Chains, is the right answer.

Explanation:

Chain newspapers have been an important part of the pattern of daily journalism in the U.S at least since the close of the Second World War. Since 1923, approximately one-third of the newspapers in the U.S. have been chain circulation of all daily newspapers and two-fifth of the circulation of all Sunday newspapers in the U.S. have been chain newspapers. However, this data changed during the period of the Great Depression, for instance, during the Great Depression, One-third of the daily newspapers and two-fifth of all Sunday newspapers have been in Chain Newspapers.

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the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.