In a surge of European imperialism to protect established interests, expand territory and compete for world influence at the end of the 19th century, European powers carved almost the entire into a collection of colonies.

Africa

Explanation:

The European powers divided almost the entirety of Africa among themselves after the Berlin Conference. Arbitrary borders that ignored Africa's history and ethnicities were drawn, and many of those borders live up to this day, causing conflict in the continent.

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explanation:

option b, all states follow similar rules and legal process is the right answer.

the 14th amendment in the constitution of america was enacted in july 1868, which include the citizenship, due process, and the equal protection under the law. this amendment was a response to the issues related to former slaves following the american civil war.

the citizenship clause granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the u.s,.   due process of clause asserted that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law and the equal protection clause declared that a state may not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. the above mentioned excerpt from the constitution of the united states, ensures the citizenship,due process, and equal protection under the law.