How did most northerns view the institution of slavery by the 1840s?

political institution
intellectual institution
moral institution
evil institution

it was viewed as a political institution

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.

by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.